2017年6月24号定为什么日子(2017年6月)

邯郸一座3000千年的历史名城

今天和家人一起去了赵王城遗址公园游玩，感受一下历史文化遗产

赵王城遗址公园位于河北省邯郸市，依托战国故都赵王城的历史遗址，占地6000余亩，总投资3.37亿元。公园东至京广铁路，南至邯郸市南环路，西至邯郸市西环路。赵王城遗址公园已辟为一座集保护、利用、展示、生态和休闲观光于一体的生态公园，总布局分为三大圈、三大主题、七个园林景区和三十个景点。公园的主体建筑群落包括大门、博展馆、渑池会馆等。遗址展示区和文化展示区分别以艺术手法再现赵王城的遗址风貌和文化旅游主题公园，其中文化展示区以赵文化为主要表现内容。2022年12月29日，赵王城遗址公园荣获国家考古遗址公园称号。

赵王城亦称赵都宫城，位于河北省邯郸市西南，是我国保存最为完好的唯一战国古城址，属第一批国家重点文物保护单位。

赵王城由东城、西城、北城三个小城组成，平面似“品”字形，总面积512万平方米。遗址周围保留着残高3至8米蜿蜒起伏的夯土城墙，内部有布局严整、星罗棋布的建筑基台，地下有面积较大的十几处夯土基址，四周有城门遗迹多处。

西城比较完整，近正方形，边长约1420米，遗址上现存五座大土台，其中部偏南有一座长285米，宽265米，高19米的“龙台”，是当时宫殿主体建筑基址。由“龙台”往北尚有两个大夯土台，形成南北一条中轴线，在中轴线两侧还残存着地面夯土台及地下夯土建筑基址6处，这是以“龙台”为中心的一组规模宏伟的殿宇建筑群。

赵王城遗址公园博展馆

东城与西城仅一墙之隔，南北最长处1442米，东西最宽处926米，城内中部偏南尚存南北对峙的两大土台，相传是赵王阅兵点将的“南将台”和“北将台”，两台之间及南北均有地下夯土基址。

北城为不规整的正方形，除西墙南段地面尚有部分残墙外，其余仅有地下墙址。遗址西部的土台，面积仅次于“龙台”，与西墙外侧的土台东西对峙，也是一组殿宇建筑群基址。

赵王城建于赵国迁都邯郸前后，据记载，赵敬侯元年（公元前386年）把国都从中牟迁到邯郸

赵王城遗址公园

历经八王，共158年，至赵王迁八年（前228年）为秦国所占。公元前209年，秦将章邯攻赵王歇，下令“夷其城廓”，一代名都从此毁坏，以后逐渐变为废墟。这座古城遗址，经历了两千多年，仍雄伟壮观，它对于研究我国封建社会初期都城布局和建筑艺术具有重要的价值。它与以北的夯土台，形成南北一条中轴线，中轴线两侧保存有面积宽大的多处夯土建筑基址。东城面积小于西城，南北最长处1442米，东西最宽处926米，四面城墙大部分完整，内有三座夯土台，以南北两个将台为大，传为赵王阅兵点将之处，其它也是高大建筑基址。北城面积大于东城，东西最宽处1410米，南北最长处1520米，为不规整方形，地面只保存了部分夯土墙址，地下墙壁址完整。遗址西部的夯土台，面积仅次于龙台。它与西墙外侧的夯土台东西相对，也是一组高大的建筑群基址。

邯郸赵王城遗址公园

1940年9月，几名日本学者在伪军的护卫下，来到赵王城遗址处，并雇佣了一些当地百姓，对遗址进行了野蛮地挖掘。

2004年11月，邯郸市请清华大学和日本千叶大学的有关专家具体设计赵王城遗址公园总体规划设计方案。按照设计方案，将建设以赵王城遗址为主体，以赵文化为依托，以绿色生态为基础，以文化教育、科学普及、生态观光、休闲度假为目的的综合性遗址公园。

2006年10月份，以赵王城遗址为依托的遗址公园建设，一期启动区开始动工修建。占地876亩，二期工程主要进行文化展示区西区约1300亩建设等；三期工程是在《赵邯郸故城文物保护总体规划》指导下，进行王城内遗址的保护、开发及展示。

建筑特色

总体设想是原址保护，移址开发。

东部的赵王城遗址为遗址保护区，西部为文化展示区，是一期工程的主体。包括三大圈层、七大园林和三十个景点。第一圈层展示赵文化，包括赵国图腾文化和赵国许多重大事件。建筑有赵文化的博展馆和赵国的园林、赵圃；第二圈层与东部保护区的龙台在一条中轴线上，反映出战国时代赵国的“礼、祀、戎”文化。礼仪文化，包括朝堂礼仪、觐见礼仪、诸侯会盟礼仪等。赵国朝堂礼仪从入口中轴线开始烘托气氛，使人感受到龙台的威严。会盟礼仪拟通过一座建于水中的“渑池会馆”来表现秦赵渑池会和蔺相如的慷慨机智。祭祀文化是再现赵国的祖先祭祀、水神祭祀和山神祭祀。“兵戎文化”要体现出赵国的胡服骑神，在这条中轴线上设置有点将台、演兵场、营寨、“军市”、“舟兵古渡”以及复原一段城墙等。第三圈层拟通过列国驿站等建筑表现战国时期各国的不同文化。总体上，东西两个区域功能不同但要互相契合，用一条旅游路线串起来，新景观与原汁原味的古董相互印证。在西部体验文化，到东部感受震撼。

赵王城遗址公园

2006年10月份，以赵王城遗址为依托的遗址公园建设，在全市人民的期待中挖出第一锨土，开始动工修建。

赵王城遗址公园

赵王城遗址公园还启动了赵王城千亩花海项目，位于复兴区西南部彭家寨乡下庄社区境内，总面积1300余亩。按照设计规划这里分为三大功能分区，分别是商业地景游览区、共享田园体验区、都市农业休闲区。

主要景观

从南大门进入，这是正门。这里面是文化展示区，是赵文化主题公园。一期启动区占地876亩，南大门、赵文化博展馆、征战广场、景观大道等主体工程、文物展陈等。另外，园区内除道路、景观建筑之外全部实现绿化，共种植各类花卉、树木数百个品种，真正形成三季有花、四季常青，环境非常优美。二期工程主要进行文化展示区西区约1300亩园林绿化、生态水系、山形水系、文化景点建设等，在彰显文化特色的同时，突出园林景观和自然特色，建设高品位的生态公园；三期工程是在《赵邯郸故城文物保护总体规划》指导下，进行王城内遗址的保护、开发及展示。

从南大门进来还将看到一座赵武灵王的大型雕塑，竖立这个雕塑的目的旨在弘扬赵文化的改革进取精神。“赵武灵王雕塑”可能在十一以后装好。再继续北行，将是一条长158米的“历史长卷”。“历史长卷”由众多用花岗岩做成的竹简组成，每个竹简上面都记录与雕刻着赵国发生过的重大历史事件或成语典故。长卷之所以定为158米，是因为赵国在邯郸定都共158年。“历史长卷”可能在十一期间向游人展示。

“历史长卷”的北面，是下沉广场。这个中心将矗立一座以展示赵王的文治武功为题材的大型群雕，这座雕塑正在设计中。北邻下沉广场，则是整个公园的精华部分———赵王城遗址博展馆。我们看到，该建筑形状为一个梯状的土台，外观造型与古城区内的“龙台”极为相似，显得古朴、刚毅，并透露着一种历史的沧桑。建筑面积5300多平方米，分为地下一层和地上一层。博展馆是一座全面、集中展示赵王城和赵国历史文化的主题性展馆。整个展览将采用文物、图片、投影、雕塑、大型多媒体场景、幻影成像、动画、互动项目等多种展览表现手法，展示赵国历史文化和赵王城遗址。

赵王城博展馆于2017年6月24日正式对外开放，该馆是赵王城遗址公园的标志性建筑。

2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第一套完整版）

给四六级考生们送福利啦！2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第一套完整版）已整理好，由外语教育网校教务老师精心解析汇总，希望对即将参加考试的考生备考有多多帮助。

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

【参考范文】

Whether to Attend a Vocational College or a University?

It’s an undisputable truth that virtually all high school graduates will encounter the choices between a vocational college and a university. And when it comes to this question, students’ ideas are not cut from the same cloth. In point of which to choose and what to be taken into consideration, my advices are as follow.

In the first place, we should be conscious of the fact that both of the two choices have its own superiorities. For instance, a vocational college specializes in cultivating human resources with practical capabilities; while a university serves as the cradle of academic researchers in different fields. Then it does follow that high school graduates should have a clear picture of themselves. That is to say, they should know their merits and demerits and their choices must give play to their strengths whilst circumvent weaknesses. In addition, interest is the best teacher and it’s also the premise of learning on one’s own initiative. Thus interest must be taken into account because it can not only decide how far one can reach academically and professionally but also how happy and fulfilled one will be.

In brief, all above just goes to show that there really is no one-size-fits-all answer for the question. The key lies in a clear cognition, accurate self-positioning and the interest of oneself. Only then can every one find a right path that works best for us.

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

1. A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad.

C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed.

【答案】A

【解析】题目问如果男士在二手书店中发现了自己写的书，那么男士会感觉怎样。男士说到：如果他在二手书店发现了自己的书，他会认为这是种侮辱。因此选A。

2. A) They are worthy of a prize. B) They are of little value.

C) They make good reading. D) They need improvement.

【答案】B

【解析】题目问男士的妻子认为他的书怎么样。男士说到：他最新的一本书是在2004年写的，当时在写的时候给他妻子看了一小部分。妻子认为他写的内容是垃圾。这表明他的妻子认为他写的书毫无价值。因此选B。

3. A) He seldom writes a book straight through.

B) He writes several books simultaneously.

C) He draws on his real-life experiences.

D) He often turns to his wife for help.

【答案】A

【解析】题目问当男士在写作的时候，他通常会做什么。在对话中，女士问男士他那本《被埋葬的巨人》 为什么被搁置了那么久，显然是过了十年才把这本书写好。男士回答：他写书通常都是写写停停，写到一半就会搁置几年时间再继续写。男士的言外之意是，他很少会一口气把 一本书写完。因此选A。

4. A) Writing a book is just like watching a football match.

B) Writers actually work every bit as hard as footballers.

C) He likes watching a football match after finishing a book.

D) Unlike a football match, there is no end to writing a book.

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

【答案】D

【解析】题目问男士提到足球比赛是想表达什么。男士在最后说到，足球运动员在结束的哨声吹响的时候，就意味着比赛已经结束了。但是对于作家来说，永远都没有结束的哨声这一说。因此选D。

5. A) Achievements of black male athletes in college.

B) Financial assistance to black athletes in college.

C) High college dropout rates among black athletes.

D) Undergraduate enrollments of black athletes.

【答案】C

【解析】题目问这两个讲话者在谈论什么。女士在一开始就引出主题：一份研究表明，在大学中黑人运动员的辍学率特别高。因此选C。

6. A) They display great talent in every kind of game.

B) They are better at sports than at academic work.

C) They have difficulty finding money to complete their studies.

D) They make money for the college but often fail to earn a degree.

【答案】D

【解析】题目问这份研究对黑人男性运动员有什么新的发现。男士说到：他们是以给学校创造收入的工薪阶层的身份存在的，而不是以受教育的学生的身份存在的。就是说，黑人男性运动员只是学校的挣钱工具，而学校并没有给他们太多接受学术教育的机会。因此选D。

7. A) About 15%. B) Around 40%.

C) Slightly over 50%. D) Approximately 70%.

【答案】C

【解析】题目问黑人男性运动员的毕业率是多少。女士回答：在65所学校中只有勉强一半多一点儿的黑人能毕业。因此选C。

8. A) Coaches lack the incentive to graduate them.

B) College degrees do not count much to them.

C) They have little interest in academic work.

D) Schools do not deem it a serious problem.

【答案】A

【解析】题目问根据男士可知，黑人运动员没能取得大学学位的原因是什么。男士在最后说到：所有的动机不是要赢得比赛就是不能输掉比赛。教练缺乏让他们毕业的动力。因此选A。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.

9. A) Marketing strategies. B) Holiday shopping.

C) Shopping malls. D) Online stores.

【答案】B

【解析】题目问说话者主要说了什么。听力材料一开始就提到“America’s holiday shopping season starts on Black Friday... It is the busiest shopping day of the year”，因此，不难推断出该篇听力的主题是关于holiday shopping，因此本题选B。

10. A) About 50% of holiday shoppers.

B) About 20-30% of holiday shoppers.

C) About 136 million.

D) About 183.8 million.

【答案】D

【解析】题目问有多少人会在网络星期一那天购物。听力篇章中提及，“About 183.8 million people will shop on Cyber Monday”，就不难选出本题答案D。

11. A) They have fewer customers.

B) They find it hard to survive.

C) They are thriving once more.

D) They appeal to elderly customers.

【答案】C

【解析】题目问关于传统购物中心，《财富》是怎么说的。听力篇章中提及“Fortune says the weakest of the malls have closed. The sector is thriving again”，由此可知，本题答案选C。

12. A) Better quality of consumer goods.

B) Higher employment and wages.

C) Greater varieties of commodities.

D) People having more leisure time.

【答案】B

【解析】题目是问购物者数量增加的原因是什么。篇章中提到，“…lower unemployment and rising wages could give Americans more money to spend”，其中B选项与这句话完全符合，lower unemployment 即higher employment，故本题选B。

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

13. A) They are new species of big insects.

B)They are overprescribed antibiotics.

C)They are life-threatening diseases.

D)They are antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

【答案】D

【解析】题目问关于超级细菌我们知道什么。篇章中提及，“you may have heard about the new superbugs which are antibiotic-resistant bacteria that have developed as a result of overprescribed antibiotics.\" ,其中D选项与这句话完全符合。

14. A) Antibiotics are now in short supply.

B)Many infections are no longer curable.

C)Large amounts of tax money are wasted.

D)Routine operations have become complex.

【答案】D

【解析】题目问抗生素用量过度的后果是什么。篇章中提到 “seemingly routine operations... are now much more hazardous...”，D选项与此相符合。

15. A) Facilities.

B)Expertise.

C)Money.

D)Publicity.

【答案】C

【解析】题目问，在说话者看来，为应对严重威胁生命的传染病，什么是最迫切需要的。篇章最后提及：面对严重威胁生命的传染病，却只有1.2%的预算被用于研究上，这与所需的资金相差甚远。由此可知C选项正确。

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), CJ and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

16. A) It is accessible only to the talented.

B) It improves students’ ability to think.

C) It starts a lifelong learning process.

D) It gives birth to many eminent scholars.

【答案】B

【解析】题目问说话者是如何描述大学的。听力材料中提到 “you are here to understand thinking better and to think better your- self”，B选项与此相符合。

17. A) They encourage academic democracy.

B) They promote globalization.

C) They uphold the presidents’ authority.

D) They protect students’ rights.

【答案】A

【解析】题目问关于大学，我们可以从说话者的故事中了解到什么。篇章中提到 “But what was really important about that was the universities stand out as places that really are about the authority of ideas.\"，由此可推断出大学鼓励思想交流，鼓励学术，A选项正确。

18. A) His thirst for knowledge. B) His eagerness to find a job.

C) His contempt for authority. D) His potential for leadership.

【答案】A

【解析】题目是问说话者在挑战他论文的年轻人身上看到了什么。听力篇章中提及“a... you couldn’t debate that young man’s hunger to learn”，由此可判断选A。

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.

19. A) Few people know how to retrieve information properly.

B)People can enhance their memory with a few tricks.

C)Most people have a rather poor long-term memory.

D)People tend to underestimate their mental powers.

【答案】D

【解析】听力篇章一开始就提及，“Psychological research shows we consistently underestimate our mental powers. ”，这与D选项完全符合。

20. A) They present the states in a surprisingly different order.

B)They include more or less the same number of states.

C)They are exactly the same as is shown in the atlas.

D)They contain names of the most familiar states.

【答案】B

【解析】听力材料中提到，“The two lists will contain roughly the same number of states but they will not be identical”，由此可知本题答案为B选项。

21. A) Focusing on what is likely to be tested.

B)Having a good sleep the night before.

C)Reviewing your lessons where the exam is to take place.

D)Making sensible decisions while choosing your answers.

【答案】C

【解析】题目问说话者对如何准备和参加考试有何建议。听力篇章中提及“If possible, you should also try to learn information in the room where it is going to be tested”，这与C选项完全符合，故本题选C。

22. A) Discover when you can learn best.

B) Change your time of study daily.

B) Give yourself a double bonus afterwards.

D) Follow the example of a marathon runner.

【答案】A

【解析】题目问关于学习，说话者给了我们什么建议。听力篇章中曾提及：“When you learn is also important”，这表明，要找到最适合自己学习的时间，故A选项正确。

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

23. A) He is a politician. B) He is a businessman.

C)He is a sociologist. D) He is an economist.

【答案】C

【解析】题目是问说话者是做什么的。听力篇章中提及“It concerns not only us sociologists but also economists, politicians and business people.”，答案为C选项。

24. A) In slums.

B) In Africa.

C) In pre-industrial societies.

D) In developing countries.

【答案】D

【解析】题目是问说话者说在哪可以发 现极度贫穷的情况。听力篇章中提及：“Where does extreme poverty occur? Well, you can find it only in developing countries.”，因此本题答案选D。

25. A) They have no access to health care, let alone entertainment or recreation.

B)Their income is less than 50% of the national average family income.

C)They work extra hours to have their basic needs met.

D)Their children cannot afford to go to private schools.

【答案】B

【解析】题目是问家庭相对贫穷的美国人是什么样的。听力篇章中提及：“in the United States a family can be considered poor if their income is less than 50% of the national average family income.”，这与B选项完全符合。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Let’s all stop judging people who talk to themselves. New research says that those who can’t seem to keep their inner monologues(独白) in are actually more likely to stay on task, remain __26__ better and show improved perception capabilities. Not bad, really, for some extra muttering.

According to a series of experiments published in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology by professors Gary Lupyan and Daniel Swignley, the act of using verbal clues to __27__ mental pictures helps people function quicker.

In one experiment, they showed pictures of various objects to twenty __28__ and asked them to find just one of those, a banana. Half were __29__ to repeat out loud what they were looking for and the other half kept their lips __30__. Those who talked to themselves found the banana slightly faster than those who didn’t，the researchers say. In other experiments, Lupyan and Swignley found that __31__ the name of a common product when on the hunt for it helped quicken someone’s pace, but talking about uncommon items showed no advantage and slowed you down.

Common research has long held that talking themselves through a task helps children learn, although doing so when you’ve __32__ matured is not a great sign of __33__. The two professors hope to refute that idea, __34__ that just as when kids walk themselves through a process, adults can benefit from using language not just to communicate, but also to help “augment thinking”.

Of course, you are still encouraged to keep the talking at library tones and, whatever you do, keep the information you share , like a grocery list. At any __35__, there’s still such a thing as too much information.

26. 【解析】F。空格前的remain为系动词，因此空格处需要填入一个形容词；根据前面的句意“……更有可能坚持做一件事”，可知focused最为符合，表示“保持全神贯注”，因此本题选F。

27. 【解析】L。根据空格前的to可判断空格处应填入动词原形，根据句意，“使用口头提示来记忆图像”，可知选项L符合。

28. 【解析】0。空格前是量词twenty，因此空格处需填入一个名词复数；再由前边的“In one experiment”可知这是一个实验，所以这里选择volunteers （志愿者）最为合适，故本题选0。

29. 【解析】H。空格前后分别为be动词were和介词to，因此空格处需要填入一个动词的被动语态；根据句意，“一半人被_____要大声地重复他们要找的东西，”可知instructed （通知，指导）最为合适，因此本题答案选H。

30. 【解析】J。根据句子结构可判断空格处需要填入一个形容词。再由the other half对应的是前边的Half， 可知这里的情况和前边的不同，前边说repeat out loud （大声地重复），后边自然就是要表达“不说话” 的意思，keep one’s lips sealed即“闭上嘴巴、不说话”的意思，故本题选J。

31. 【解析】M。空格前的that引导的是宾语从句，空格与后面的名词词组the name of a common product共同充当宾语从句的主语，因此空格处应填入动词的-ing形式，根据句意可判断uttering更为合适，故本题选M。

32. 【解析】A。空格所在句是一个现在完成时态，空格前后组成谓语动词have matured，因此空格处实际上并不缺成分，只可能填入一个副词来修饰动词matured，根据单词意思，这里应选apparently。

33. 【解析】C。根据空格前边的a great sign of可知，空格处缺少一个名词；再根据句意，“当你足够成熟时，自言自语并不能显示出你的_____”，可知这里填入brilliance更为合适。故本题选C。

34. 【解析】 D。空格前边是一句完整的话，空格后是that从句，由此判断空格处 填入动词的-ing形式，作为前边句子的伴随状语，并引导后面的宾语从句；分析选项，动词的-ing 形式只剩下claiming这一个词，故本题选D。

35. 【解析】N。空格处需要填入一个名词，与前边的At any构成介词词组；结合整篇文章的大意，此处填入volume最为合适，故本题选N。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Rich Children and Poor Ones Are Raised Very Differently

[A] The lives of children from rich and poor American families look more different than ever before.

[B] Well-off families are ruled by calendars, with children enrolled in ballet, soccer and after-school programs, according to a new Pew Research Center survey. There are usually two parents, who spend a lot of time reading to children and worrying about their anxiety levels and hectic schedules.

[C] In poor families, meanwhile, children tend to spend their time at home or with extended family. They are more likely to grow up in neighborhoods that their parents say aren’t great for raising children, and their parents worry about them getting shot, beaten up or in trouble with the law.

[D] The class differences in child rearing are growing — a symptom of widening inequality with far-reaching consequences. Different upbringings set children on different paths and can deepen socioeconomic divisions, especially because education is strongly linked to earnings. Children grow up learning the skills to succeed in their socioeconomic stratum (阶层), but not necessarily others.

[E] “Early childhood experiences can be very consequential for children’s long-term social, emotional and cognitive development,” said Sean Reardon, professor of poverty and inequality in education at Stanford University. “And because those influence educational success and later earnings, early childhood experiences cast a lifelong shadow.” The cycle continues: Poorer parents have less time and fewer resources to invest in their children, which can leave children less prepared for school and work, which leads to lower earnings.

[F] American parents want similar things for their children, the Pew report and past research have found: for them to be healthy and happy, honest and ethical, caring and compassionate. There is no best parenting style or philosophy, researchers say, and across income groups, 92% of parents say they are doing a good job at raising their children. Yet they are doing it quite differently. Middle-class and higher- income parents see their children as projects in need of careful cultivation, says Annette Lareau, whose groundbreaking research on the topic was published in her book Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life. They try to develop their skills through close supervision and organized activities, and teach children to question authority figures and navigate elite institutions.

[G] Working-class parents, meanwhile, believe their children will naturally thrive, and give them far greater independence and time for free play. They are taught to be compliant and respectful to adults. There are benefits to both approaches. Working-class children are happier, more independent, complain less and are closer with family members, Ms. Lareau found. Higher-income children are more likely to declare boredom and expect their parents to solve their problems. Yet later on, the more affluent children end up in college and on the way to the middle class, while working-class children tend to struggle. Children from higher-income families are likely to have the skills to navigate bureaucracies and succeed in schools and workplaces, Ms. Lareau said.

[H] “Do all parents want the most success for their children? Absolutely,” she said. “Do some strategies give children more advantages than others in institutions? Probably they do. Will parents be damaging children if they have one fewer organized activity? No, I really doubt it.”

[I] Social scientists say the differences arise in part because low-income parents have less money to spend on music class or preschool, and less flexible schedules to take children to museums or attend school events. Extracurricular activities reflect the differences in child rearing in the Pew survey, which was of a nationally representative sample of 1,807 parents. Of families earning more than $75,000 a year, 84% say their children have participated in organized sports over the past year, 64% have done volunteer work and 62% have taken lessons in music, dance or art. Of families earning less than $30,000, 59% of children have done sports, 37% have volunteered and 41% have taken arts classes.

[J] Especially in affluent families, children start young. Nearly half of high-earning, college-graduate parents enrolled their children in arts classes before they were 5, compared with one-fifth of low-income, less- educated parents. Nonetheless, 20% of well-off parents say their children’s schedules are too hectic, compared with 8% of poorer parents.

[K] Another example is reading aloud, which studies have shown gives children bigger vocabularies and better reading comprehension in school. 71% of parents with a college degree say they do it every day, compared with 33% of those with a high school diploma or less. White parents are more likely than others to read to their children daily, as are married parents. Most affluent parents enroll their children in preschool or day care, while low-income parents are more likely to depend on family members. Discipline techniques vary by education level: 8% of those with a postgraduate degree say they often beat their children, compared with 22% of those with a high school degree or less.

[L] The survey also probed attitudes and anxieties. Interestingly, parents’ attitudes toward education do not seem to reflect their own educational background as much as a belief in the importance of education for upward mobility. Most American parents say they are not concerned about their children’s grades as long as they work hard. But 50% of poor parents say it is extremely important to them that their children earn a college degree, compared with 39% of wealthier parents.

[M] Less-educated parents, and poorer and black and Latino parents are more likely to believe that there is no such thing as too much involvement in a child’s education. Parents who are white, wealthy or college- educated say too much involvement can be bad. Parental anxieties reflect their circumstances. High- earning parents are much more likely to say they live in a good neighborhood for raising children. While bullying is parents’ greatest concern over all, nearly half of low-income parents worry their child will get shot, compared with one-fifth of high-income parents. They are more worried about their children being depressed or anxious.

[N] In the Pew survey, middle-class families earning between $30,000 and $75,000 a year fell right between working-class and high-earning parents on issues like the quality of their neighborhood for raising children, participation in extracurricular activities and involvement in their children’ s education.

[O] Children were not always raised so differently. The achievement gap between children from high- and low-income families is 30-40% larger among children born in 2001 than those born 25 years earlier, according to Mr. Reardon’ s research. People used to live near people of different income levels; neighborhoods are now more segregated by income. More than a quarter of children live in single-parent households — a historic high, according to Pew 一 and these children are three times as likely to live in poverty as those who live with married parents. Meanwhile, growing income inequality has coincided with the increasing importance of a college degree for earning a middle-class wage.

[P] Yet there are recent signs that the gap could be starting to shrink. In the past decade, even as income inequality has grown, some of the socioeconomic differences in parenting, like reading to children and going to libraries, have narrowed.

[Q] Public policies aimed at young children have helped, including public preschool programs and reading initiatives. Addressing differences in the earliest years, it seems, could reduce inequality in the next generation.

36. Working-class parents teach their children to be obedient and show respect to adults.

37. American parents, whether rich or poor, have similar expectations of their children despite different ways of parenting.

38. While rich parents are more concerned with their children’s psychological well-being, poor parents are more worried about their children’s safety.

39. The increasing differences in child rearing between rich and poor families reflect growing social inequality.

40. Parenting approaches of working-class and affluent families both have advantages.

41. Higher-income families and working-class families now tend to live in different neighborhoods.

42. Physical punishment is used much less by well-educated parents.

43. Ms. Lareau doesn’t believe participating in fewer after-class activities will negatively affect children’s development.

44. Wealthy parents are concerned about their children’s mental health and busy schedules.

45. Some socioeconomic differences in child rearing have shrunk in the past ten years.

36.【解析】G。根据题干中的关键词working-class parents, respect to adults 可定位至[G]段。

37.【解析】F。根据题干中的关键词American parents 和 different ways of parenting 可定位至[F]段。

38.【解析】M。根据题干中的关键词psychological well-being 和 children's safety 可定位至[M]段。

39.【解析】 D。根据题干中的关键词differences in child rearing 和 inequality 可定位至[D]段。

40.【解析】 G。根据题干中的关键词proaches和approaches可定位至[G]段。

41.【解析】O。根据题干中的关键词neighborhoods可定位至[0]段。

42.【解析】K。根椐题干中的关键 physical punishment 和 well-educated parents 可定位至[K]段。

43.【解析】H。根据题干中的关键词Ms. Lareau 和 fewer after-class activities 可定位至[H]段。

44.【解析】 B。根据题干中的关键词mental health 和 busy schedules 可定位至[B]段。

45.【解析】 P。根据题干中的关键词socioeconomic differences, shrunk 和 in the past ten years可定位至[P]段。

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Tennessee’s technical and community colleges will not outsource(外包) management of their facilities to a private company, a decision one leader said was bolstered by an analysis of spending at each campus.

In an email sent Monday to college presidents in the Tennessee Board of Regents system, outgoing Chancellor John Morgan said an internal analysis showed that each campus’ spending on facilities management fell well below the industry standards identified by the state. Morgan said those findings — which included data from the system’s 13 community colleges, 27 technical colleges and six universities — were part of the decision not to move forward with Governor Bill Haslam’s proposal to privatize management of state buildings in an effort to save money.

“While these numbers are still being validated by the state, we feel any adjustments they might suggest will be immaterial,” Morgan wrote to the presidents. “System institutions are operating very efficiently based on this analysis, raising the question of the value of pursuing a broad scale outsourcing initiative.”

Worker’s advocates have criticized Haslam’s plan, saying it would mean some campus workers would lose their jobs or benefits. Haslam has said colleges would be free to opt in or out of the out souring plan, which has not been finalized.

Morgan notified the Haslam administration of his decision to opt out in a letter sent last week. That letter, which includes several concerns Morgan has with the plan, was originally obtained by The Commercial Appeal in Memphis.

In an email statement from the state’s Office of Customer Focused Government, which is examining the possibility of outsourcing, spokeswoman Michelle R. Martin said officials were still working to analyze the data from the Board of Regents. Data on management expenses at the college system and in other state departments will be part of a “business justification” the state will use as officials deliberate the specifics of an outsourcing plan.

“The state’s facilities management project team is still in the process of developing its business justification and expects to have that completed and available to the public at the end of February,” Martin said. “At this time there is nothing to take action on since the analysis has yet to be completed.”

Morgan’s comments on outsourcing mark the second time this month that he has come out against one of Haslam’s plans for higher education in Tennessee. Morgan said last week that he would retire at the end of January because of the governor’s proposal to split off six universities of the Board of Regents system and create separate governing boards for each of them. In his resignation letter, Morgan called the reorganization “unworkable”.

46. What do we learn about the decision of technical and community colleges in Tennessee?

A) It is backed by a campus spending analysis.

B)It has been flatly rejected by the governor.

C)It has neglected their faculty’s demands.

D)It will improve their financial situation.

【答案】A

【解析】由题干中的关键词decision，technical and community colleges, Tennessee可定位至第一段。A选项中的backed与原文中的bolstered 同义，因此选A。

47. What does the campus spending analysis reveal?

A) Private companies play a big role in campus management.

B)Facilities management by colleges is more cost-effective.

C)Facilities management has greatly improved in recent years.

D)Colleges exercise foil control over their own financial affairs.

【答案】B

【解析】由题干中的关键词campus spending analysis, reveal可 以定位至原文的第二段。题干中的reveal对应原文中的showed。因此选B。

48. Workers’ supporters argue that Bill Haslam’s proposal would _________.

A) deprive colleges of the right to manage their facilities

B)make workers less motivated in performing duties

C)render a number of campus workers jobless

D)lead to the privatization of campus facilities

【答案】C

48.【解析】由题干中的关键词Workers’ supporters, Bill Haslam’s proposal可以定位至第四段。该段的第一句指出，工人拥护者已经批判了哈斯拉姆的计划，他们表示这将意味着一些校园工人可能会失去他们的工作或利益。因此选 C。

49. What do we learn from the state spokeswoman’s response to John Morgan’s decision?

A) The outsourcing plan is not yet finalized.

B)The outsourcing plan will be implemented.

C)The state officials are confident about the outsourcing plan.

D)The college spending analysis justifies the outsourcing plan.

【答案】A

49.【解析】由题干中的关键词spokeswoman可定位至第六段。该段指出，发言人Michelle R. Martin表示官员们还在分析评议委员会的数据。大学体系和其他州相关部门的管理费用数据将会是“商业理由”的一部分，田纳西州会用此来研讨外包计划的细节。这说明，外包计划还在讨论中，尚未成定论，因此选A。

50. Why did John Morgan decide to resign?

A) He had lost confidence in the Tennessee state government.

B)He disagreed with the governor on higher education policies.

C)He thought the state’s outsourcing proposal was simply unworkable.

D)He opposed the governor’s plan to reconstruct the college board system.

【答案】D

【解析】由题干中的关键词John Morgan, resign可定位至最后一段。该段的最后一句指出，在他的辞职信中，摩根表示这一重组计划“不切实际”。言外之意就是反对州长重组大学董事会的计划。因此选D。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Beginning in the late sixteenth century, it became fashionable for young aristocrats to visit Paris, Venice, Florence, and above all, Rome, as the culmination(终极) of their classical education. Thus was born the idea of the Grand Tour, a practice which introduced Englishmen, Germans, Scandinavians, and also Americans to the art and culture of France and Italy for the next 300 years. Travel was arduous and costly throughout the period, possible only for a privileged class—the same that produced gentlemen scientists, authors, antique experts, and patrons of the arts.

The Grand Tourist was typically a young man with a thorough grounding in Greek and Latin literature as well as some leisure time, some means, and some interest in art. The German traveler Johann Winckelmann pioneered the field of art history with his comprehensive study of Greek and Roman sculpture; he was portrayed by his friend Anton Raphael Mengs at the beginning of his long residence in Rome. Most Grand Tourists, however, stayed for briefer periods and set out with less scholarly intentions, accompanied by a teacher or guardian, and expected to return home with souvenirs of their travels as well as an understanding of art and architecture formed by exposure to great masterpieces.

London was a frequent starting point for Grand Tourists, and Paris a compulsory destination; many traveled to the Netherlands, some to Switzerland and Germany, and a very few adventurers to Spain, Greece, or Turkey. The essential place to visit, however, was Italy. The British traveler Charles Thompson spoke for many Grand Tourists when in 1744 he described himself as “being impatiently desirous of viewing a country so famous in history, a country which once gave laws to the world, and which is at present the greatest school of music and painting, contains the noblest productions of sculpture and architecture, and is filled with cabinets of rarities, and collections of all kinds of historical relics”. Within Italy, the great focus was Rome, whose ancient ruins and more recent achievements were shown to every Grand Tourist. Panini’s Ancient Rome and Modem Rome represent the sights most prized, including celebrated Greco-Roman statues and views of famous ruins, fountains, and churches. Since there were few museums anywhere in Europe before the close of the eighteenth century, Grand Tourists often saw paintings and sculptures by gaining admission to private collections, and many were eager to acquire examples of Greco-Roman and Italian art for their own collections. In England, where architecture was increasingly seen as an aristocratic pursuit, noblemen often applied what they learned from the villas of Palladio in the Veneto and the evocative (唤起回忆的) ruins of Rome to their own country houses and gardens.

51. What is said about the Grand Tour?

A) It was fashionable among young people of the time.

B)It was unaffordable for ordinary people.

C)It produced some famous European artists.

D)It made a compulsory part of college education.

【答案】B

【解析】由题干中的关键词the Grand Tour定位至第一段第二句。由此可知，大旅行对 于一般人来说是负担不起的。故选B。

52. What did Grand Tourists have in common?

A) They had much geographic knowledge.

B)They were courageous and venturesome.

C)They were versed in literature and interested in art.

D)They had enough travel and outdoor-life experience.

【答案】C

【解析】由题干中的关键词Grand Tourists定位至第二段第一句。选项C是对原文 的同义表述，其中were versed in对应原文中的a thorough grounding in。故选C。

53. How did Grand Tourists benefit from their travel?

A) They found inspiration in the world’s greatest masterpieces.

B)They got a better understanding of early human civilization.

C)They developed an interest in the origin of modem art forms.

D)They gained some knowledge of classical art and architecture.

【答案】D

【解析】由题干中的关键词benefit from their travel定位至第二段最后一句。选项D是对原文的同义改写，其中knowledge对应原文中的 understanding。故选 D。

54. Why did many Grand Tourists visit the private collections?

A) They could buy unique souvenirs there to take back home.

B)Europe hardly had any museums before the 19th century.

C)They found the antiques there more valuable.

D)Private collections were of greater variety.

【答案】B

【解析】由题干中的关键词the private collections定位至第三段倒数第二句。选项中的hardly和 before the 19th century 分别对应原文中的 few 和 before the close of the eighteenth century。故选 B。

55. How did the Grand Tour influence the architecture in England?

A) There appeared more and more Roman-style buildings.

B)Many aristocrats began to move into Roman-style villas.

C)Aristocrats，country houses all had Roman-style gardens.

D)Italian architects were hired to design houses and gardens.

【答案】A

【解析】由题干中的关键词influence the architecture in England定位至第三段最后一句。由此可知，在英国会有越来越多的罗马风格的建筑，选项A是对原文的延展推理。故选A。

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

唐朝始于618年，终于907年，是中国历史上最灿烂的时期。经过近三百年的发展，唐代中国成为世界上最繁荣的强国，其首都长安是当时世界上最大的都市。这一时期，经济发达、商业繁荣、社会秩序稳定，甚至边境也对外开放。随着城市化和财富的增加，艺术和文学也繁荣起来。李白和杜甫是以作品简洁自然而著称的诗人。他们的诗歌打动了学者和普通人的心。即使在今天，他们的许多诗歌仍广为儿童及成人阅读背诵。

【答案】The Tang Dynasty, which dated from 618 and ended in 907, was the most prosperous period in Chinese history. After nearly three hundred years of development, it had become the most flourishing power around the world, with its capital Chang’ an as the largest metropolis in the world. China during that period was embodied in the booming economy, thriving commerce, stable social order and even the open borders. As urbanization gained its momentum and wealth accumulated, art and literature also flourished. Li Bai and Du Fu were poets distinguished for their concise and natural writing style. Their poetry struck a chord with scholars as well as ordinary people. Even today, many of their poems are still widely read and recited by children and adults.

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运输公司看挂靠风险｜（六）未按约定投保挂靠车辆的风险

物流运输公司接受车辆挂靠经营过程中，除了在挂靠合同中约定“保险公司给予的保险费折扣、优惠等利益由甲方(运输公司)享有，乙方(实际车主)自愿放弃”以外。有的运输公司还存在不按挂靠合同约定为挂靠车辆投保的情形，也就是合同中约定了较高的保额和较全的险种，运输公司也从挂靠车主(通常也称“卡友”)处收取了较多的保费，但实际向保险公司投保的却是较少的险种和较低的保额，从中克扣保费为运输公司所有，作为运输公司经营利润来源之一。

本文主要讨论分析货车挂靠经营期间物流运输公司未按约定投保挂靠车辆的风险。

案例一

来源：

重庆铁路运输法院(2015)渝铁法民初字第00143号民事判决书(唐某文、唐某甲、唐某乙、王某玉、胡某与重庆DL汽车运输有限公司挂靠经营合同纠纷案)

基本案情

唐某成系胡某之夫，为唐某文、王某玉之子，唐某甲、唐某乙之父，性别男，汉族。

2012年4月1日，唐某成(合同中称乙方)与DL公司(合同中称甲方)签订《重庆市道路运输企业车辆挂靠经营合同》，约定将唐某成所有的渝AS****货车挂靠在DL公司名下经营，唐某成每月向DL公司缴纳管理费500元。合同第4条第3款约定：“乙方必须按照甲方要求统一参加车辆安全运营投保，并按甲方要求的保险险种和保额进行投保(甲方代为办理)，保险单交甲方统一保管。”

合同签订后，唐某成于2013年9月16日向DL公司缴纳了2013年10月1日至2014年9月30日管理费5000元，2013年9月20日至2014年9月19日保险费13560元，车船使用税840元，运营证年审费600元。DL公司收取唐某成缴纳的保险费后，为渝AS****货车在中国人民财产保险股份有限公司投保交强险与商业险(险种及保额为车上人员责任险(司机)20000元*1座、车上人员责任险(乘客)20000元*2座、第三者责任险500000元)，保费共计9993.99元。

2013年9月28日00时50分许，唐某成驾驶渝AS****货车与谢某驾驶的渝C*****货车发生碰撞，造成唐某成经现场抢救无效死亡。该事故经重庆市公安局九龙坡分局交通巡逻警察支队认定，唐某成与谢某承担此次事故的同等责任。胡某，唐某文，王某玉，唐某甲，唐某乙将渝C*****车辆实际车主凌某莉、挂靠公司重庆乐业物流有限公司、保险股份有限公司重庆市永川支公司诉至重庆市九龙坡区人民法院，DL公司作为第三人参加诉讼，后双方达成调解协议，载明：“胡某，唐某文，王某玉，唐某甲，唐某乙因本次事故遭受的损失为843657.03元，由天安财产保险股份有限公司重庆市永川支公司一次性赔偿42万元，胡某，唐某文，王某玉，唐某甲，唐某乙自愿放弃其他诉讼请求。”

裁判焦点

DL公司是否足额为唐某成所有的渝AS****车辆投保及如果将唐某成生前缴纳的保险费全部用于投保，是否能足额赔偿因唐某成死亡事故给胡某、唐某文、王某玉、唐某甲、唐某乙造成的损失差额。

裁判要旨

重庆铁路运输法院经审理认为：《中华人民共和国合同法》第六十条规定：“当事人应当按照约定全面履行自己的义务。”

本案中，唐某成与DL公司签订的《重庆市道路运输企业车辆挂靠经营合同》约定“乙方(唐某成)必须按照甲方(DL公司)要求统一参加车辆安全运营投保，并按甲方要求保险险种和保额进行投保(甲方代为办理)，保险单交甲方统一保管。”

庭审中，胡某、唐某文、王某玉、唐某甲、唐某乙表示唐某成生前对实际保费及保额均不清楚，系接到DL公司电话通知后就到DL公司交费。DL公司表示电话询问了唐某成投保险种及数额，但无证据证明。在双方对保险险种及保额确定各执一词的情况下，根据合同约定，保险险种及保额由DL公司确定。胡某、唐某文、王某玉、唐某甲、唐某乙也未举示唐某成生前明确向DL公司指定购买险种及保额的证据，因此，DL公司为渝AS****车辆选择投保险种及保额的行为，不违反合同约定。

《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第六十四条第一款规定：“当事人对于自己的主张，有责任提供证据。”本案中，胡某、唐某文、王某玉、唐某甲、唐某乙主张如保费差额3566.1元全部用于购买车上人员责任险(司机)则可以足额赔偿其损失差额423657.03元，但其并未举证证明若多交保费3566.1元必然会导致多少相应保额的增加，经本院释明后其仍未提交。另一方面，渝AS****车辆购买的商业保险险种有：车上人员责任险(司机)、车上人员责任险(乘客)、第三者责任险。即使是在总保费不变的情况下，也可能存在此三种险种及保额的不同组合。在合同约定由DL公司确定险种及保额，且胡某、唐某文、王某玉、唐某甲、唐某乙亦未举证证明唐某成明确指定DL公司购买车上人员责任险(司机)的保费或者保额的情况下，DL公司为其购买车上人员责任险(司机)20000元*1座的行为并未违反合同约定。因此，法院对其要求DL公司赔偿损失423657.03元的诉讼请求不予支持。

案例二

来源：

广东省广州市中级人民法院(2018)粤01民终17339号(广州市KW运输有限公司诉冯某追偿权案)【本案例系《中国法院年度案例》丛书中的精选案例】

基本案情

2015年4月3日，冯某与KW公司签订《车辆服务合同书》，约定冯某将车辆挂靠在KW公司名下运营，由KW公司代为购买车辆保险，第三者责任险需购买100万元的额度。但实际上第三者责任险仅买了50万元的额度。后该车于2015年8月23日发生交通事故，造成案外人江某受伤。2016年10月19日，广东省广州市白云区人民法院作出民事判决书，判令保险公司在机动车交通事故责任强制保险限额内向江某赔偿110000元，在机动车交通事故第三者责任商业保险限额内向江某赔偿470000元，冯某向江某赔偿121625.65元，KW公司对冯某应承担的赔偿责任承担连带赔偿责任。2017年6月20日，广东省广州市中级人民法院维持了一审判决。2017年9月至10月，KW公司被法院依法划扣了123349.65元执行款。其后，KW公司与冯某对超出保险额度部分的赔偿款的负担问题产生争议。KW公司遂诉至法院，请求判令冯某偿还其支付的赔偿款及利息。

裁判焦点

冯某、KW公司对涉案车辆未按约定购买100万元限额的第三者责任险是否存在过错及承担责任的比例。

裁判要旨

广东省广州市白云区人民法院经审理认为：涉案车辆的第三者责任险投保时间为2015年3月30日，涉案《车辆服务合同书》签订的日期为2015年4月3日，投保在先，签合同在后。KW公司作为代为购买车辆保险的一方，明知投保的限额仅为50万元仍与冯某签订记载有“第三者责任险需购买限额100万元”的《车辆服务合同书》，显然不当;冯某作为车辆的实际车主对车辆的投保情况有核实、注意和提醒的义务，但其并未履行上述义务。且冯某在庭审中，一方面称不清楚保险的具体金额，另一方面又称因保额不够，其曾经要求过加险，其陈述前后相互矛盾且未作出合理的解释，故对冯某关于其以为KW公司为涉案车辆购买了100万元第三者责任险的主张不予采信。冯某亦未提交证据证明其在未购买足额保险时，曾向KW公司对车辆保险的事宜提出过异议。故在本次事件中，冯某、KW公司均具有过错，均应承担同等责任，即本次事件造成KW公司的各项损失，应由冯某按50%的比例予以赔偿，剩余50%的损失则应由KW公司自行承担，即冯某应向KW公司支付其垫付的赔偿款项61674.82元。鉴于双方均有过错，对于KW公司主张冯某按中国人民银行规定的同期同类贷款利率计算利息的诉请，不予支持。

广东省广州市白云区人民法院判决：冯某支付KW公司垫付的赔偿款项61674.82元。

冯某不服一审判决，提起上诉。广东省广州市中级人民法院经审理认为：综合本案案情，可推定冯某对涉案车辆投保了50万元第三人责任险是知晓的。冯某未提交证据证明其在未购买足额保险时，曾向KW公司对车辆保险的事宜提出过异议。因此，一审法院认定冯某存在一定过错，并根据当事人在合同履行过程中的过错程度，合理酌定KW公司与冯某各承担50%的责任并无不当，法院予以维持。

最终，广东省广州市中级人民法院判决驳回上诉，维持原判。

案例三

来源：

云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州中级人民法院(2022)云25民终934号民事判决书(开远市凯恒汽车运输有限公司、张小亮等挂靠经营合同纠纷案)

基本案情

2018年6月1日原告张小亮与被告凯恒公司签订《贷款车辆挂靠合同》，将云G8****号车辆挂靠在被告凯恒公司经营。合同中约定车辆保险按照合同4.1项规定必须购买的保险，由被告凯恒公司为原告车辆购买保险，费用由原告承担，购买保险险种包含车损险、第三责任险、交通事故强制险等，其中车损险必须按足额投保，第三责任险投保金额不得低于1000000元，并由被告凯恒公司统一到保险公司办理。2021年5月，原告张小亮按合同约定向被告凯恒公司交纳相关保险费用，被告凯恒公司为原告张小亮云G8****号车辆购买交通事故强制险，被告凯恒公司用云G8****号车向保炎汽车服务有限公司参与该公司社会统筹，以及在保险公司投保了第三责任险，在华安保险投保了驾乘人员意外伤害险。2021年6月14日18时许，原告的云G8****号车辆发生交通事故，经交警部门认定驾驶云G8****号车辆的张小葵(原告方驾驶人员)在事故中负全部责任。原告张小亮在保险公司未获得理赔。事后原告与被告就车辆损失赔偿未能达成一致。一审中，经云南宏安保险公估有限公司鉴定，该车能正常修复，事故前该车价值约291732元;车辆损失为185405元。因发生交通事故，原告张小亮支出车辆施救费用认定为8000元。故原告张小亮云G8****号车辆的财产损失认定为193405元。

裁判要旨

一审法院认为：

根据《中华人民共和国民法典》第四百六十五条规定，依法成立的合同，受法律保护。依法成立的合同对合同当事人具有法律约束力。第五百零九条规定，当事人应当按照约定全面履行自己的义务。在本案中，原、被告双方签订《货款车辆挂靠合同》，是双方的真实意思表示，合同各方当事人应当按合同约定全面履行合同义务。原告的云G8****号车辆发生交通事故，经交警部门认定驾驶云G8****号车辆的张小葵(原告方驾驶人员)在事故中负全部责任。根据《中华人民共和国民法典》第一千二百零八条规定“机动车发生交通事故造成损害的，依照道路交通安全法律和本法的关规定承担赔偿责任。”第一千二百一十三条规定“机动车发生交通事故造成损害，属于该机动车一方责任的，先由承保机动车强制保险的保险人在强制保险责任限额范围内予以赔偿;不足部分，由承保机动车商业保险的保险人按照保险合同的约定予以赔偿;仍然不足或者没有投保机动车商业保险的，由侵权人赔偿。”依据上述法律规定，原告张小亮的财产损失，可从保险赔偿中得以救济，但原告张小亮在保险公司未获得理赔，原因是被告凯恒公司在2021年为原告购买保险，未按《货款车辆挂靠合同》中车辆保险合同4.1项规定必须购买的保险约定购买保险，导致原告在发生交通事故后所造成损失，无法通过保险获得赔偿。根据《中华人民共和国民法典》第五百八十三条规定，当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定的，对方有其他损失的，应当赔偿损失。在本案中，被告凯恒公司未按合同约定全面履行合同义务，购买约定相应保险，被告凯恒公司虽作补救措施，以其他方式购买保险，仍然造成原告损失，对原告的损失，被告凯恒公司应当予以赔偿。原告请求被告承担赔偿责任的诉讼请求，于法有据，一审法院予以支持。

一审法院判决：一、由被告开远市凯恒汽车运输有限公司在本判决生效十日内向原告张小亮支付财产损失193,405元。二、由被告开远市凯恒汽车运输有限公司在本判决生效十日内给付原告张小亮已支付鉴定费用15,000元。三、驳回原告张小亮的其他诉讼请求。

二审法院认为：

被上诉人张小亮与上诉人凯恒公司签订的《贷款车辆挂靠合同》，是双方真实意思表示，双方均应按合同约定履行合同义务。合同约定车辆保险按该合同4.1项规定必须购买的保险，由上诉人为被上诉人购买，费用由被上诉人承担。2021年5月，被上诉人按约向上诉人交纳相关保险费用，上诉人应按约为被上诉人购买保险。由于上诉人未按约购买保险，导致被上诉人在发生交通事故后，未能通过保险公司对其损失获得相应赔偿，上诉人应承担相应赔偿责任。一审法院依据各方当事人选定的评估机构，对案涉车辆作出的损失鉴定185405元，以及确认支出的鉴定费15000元、车辆施救费8000元，判决上诉人对上述费用承担相应赔偿责任，有事实根据和法律依据，本院予以支持。

二审法院判决：驳回上诉，维持原判。

结 语

通过上文案例，可以发现：案例一中，运输公司赚取了保费差额，但是因为挂靠合同中并未明确约定具体的险种及每种险的保额，导致挂靠车主一方无法举证证明损失的数额，所以未能得到法院的支持。案例二中，因为运输公司与挂靠车主对于实际投保的保额降低均存在责任相当的过错，故法院判决双方各自承担损失的50%。案例三中，双方在挂靠合同中对于险种及保额有着明确的规定，因为运输公司未按约定投保，且挂靠方有通过鉴定明确的损失数额，因此法院判决支持了挂靠方有事实依据的全部损失金额的赔偿主张。

律师建议：运输公司在接受挂靠经营的过程中，诚信经营，严格履行合同约定的义务，按时足额为挂靠车辆投保，利用保险合理规避挂靠双方的车辆运输经营风险。不必为了保费差额那点“蝇头小利”让公司经营陷入更大的风险，足额投保也是给挂靠车主充分的安全保障，因为广大“卡友”们经营车辆关系到一个家庭的长久生计。如果“卡友”们因为挂靠公司未按约定足额投保造成了损失，也可能根据本期案例向运输公司主张损失赔偿。